Other conditions treated with stem cell transplants include sickle cell disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, neuroblastoma, lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, chronic granulomatous disease, Hodgkin's disease and Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. Candidates for HSCTs include pediatric cases where the patient has an inborn defect such as severe combined immunodeficiency or congenital neutropenia with defective stem cells, and also children or adults with aplastic anemia who have lost their stem cells after birth. Many recipients of HSCTs are multiple myeloma or leukemia patients who would not benefit from prolonged treatment with, or are already resistant to, chemotherapy. Autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis.Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (relapsed, refractory).Hodgkin lymphoma (relapsed, refractory).Indications for stem-cell transplantation are: The spectrum of target antigens associated with tumor immunity and alloimmunity after allogeneic HSCT: Host-derived T and B cells can be induced to recognize tumor-associated antigens, whereas donor-derived B and T cells can recognize both tumor-associated antigens and alloantigens.

As survival following the procedure has increased, its use has expanded beyond cancer to autoimmune diseases and hereditary skeletal dysplasias, notably malignant infantile osteopetrosis and mucopolysaccharidosis. HSCT remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases. Infection and graft-versus-host disease are major complications of allogeneic HSCT.

In these cases, the recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. It is most often performed for patients with certain cancers of the blood or bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma or leukemia. It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin). Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation ( HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood in order to replicate inside of a patient and to produce additional normal blood cells.

Define autologous stem cell transplant